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fpGo

Go语言函数式编程库 支持Monad和响应式特性

fpGo函数式编程GolangMonadOptionalGithub开源项目

fpGo为Go语言提供了丰富的函数式编程特性。这个库实现了Optional/Maybe、Monad、响应式编程、模式匹配等概念，并提供了函数式工具、Java 8 Stream风格的集合操作、队列、协程和Actor模型等功能。fpGo还包含简化HTTP请求和工作池管理的工具，适合在需要函数式编程范式的Go项目中使用。

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fpGo

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Monad, Functional Programming features for Golang

Active Branches:

For Generics version(>=go1.18):generics

go get github.com/TeaEntityLab/fpGo/v2

For NonGenerics version(<=go1.17):non-generics

go get github.com/TeaEntityLab/fpGo

Why

I love functional programing, Rx-style coding, and Optional usages.

However it's hard to implement them in Golang, and there're few libraries to achieve parts of them.

Thus I implemented fpGo. I hope you would like it :)

Features

  • Optional/Maybe

  • Monad, Rx-like

  • Publisher

  • Pattern matching

  • Fp functions

  • Java8Stream-like Collection

  • Queue (LinkedListQueue/ChannelQueue/BufferedChannelQueue/ConcurrentQueue)

  • PythonicGenerator-like Coroutine(yield/yieldFrom)

  • Akka/Erlang-like Actor model(send/receive/spawn/states)

  • network/SimpleHTTP inspired by Retrofit

  • worker/WorkerPool inspired by JavaExecutorService & goroutine pool libs

Special thanks

Usage

Optional (IsPresent/IsNil, Or, Let)

var m MaybeDef[interface{}]
var orVal int
var boolVal bool

// IsPresent(), IsNil()
m = Maybe.Just(1)
boolVal = m.IsPresent() // true
boolVal = m.IsNil() // false
m = Maybe.Just(nil)
boolVal = m.IsPresent() // false
boolVal = m.IsNil() // true

// Or()
m = Maybe.Just(1)
fmt.Println((m.Or(3))) // 1
m = Maybe.Just(nil)
fmt.Println((m.Or(3))) // 3

// Let()
var letVal int
letVal = 1
m = Maybe.Just(1)
m.Let(func() {
  letVal = 2
})
fmt.Println(letVal) // letVal would be 2

letVal = 1
m = Maybe.Just(nil)
m.Let(func() {
  letVal = 3
})
fmt.Println(letVal) // letVal would be still 1

MonadIO (RxObserver-like)

Example:

var m *MonadIODef[interface{}]
var actualInt int

m = MonadIO.Just(1)
actualInt = 0
m.Subscribe(Subscription[interface{}]{
  OnNext: func(in interface{}) {
    actualInt, _ = Maybe.Just(in).ToInt()
  },
})
fmt.Println(actualInt) // actualInt would be 1

m = MonadIO.Just(1).FlatMap(func(in interface{}) *MonadIODef[interface{}] {
  v, _ := Maybe.Just(in).ToInt()
  return MonadIO.Just(v + 1)
})
actualInt = 0
m.Subscribe(Subscription[interface{}]{
  OnNext: func(in interface{}) {
    actualInt, _ = Maybe.Just(in).ToInt()
  },
})
fmt.Println(actualInt) // actualInt would be 2

Stream (inspired by Collection libs)

Example(Generics):

var s *StreamDef[int]
var tempString = ""

s = StreamFromArray([]int{}).Append(1, 1).Extend(StreamFromArray([]int{2, 3, 4}))
tempString = ""
for _, v := range s.ToArray() {
  tempString += Maybe.Just(v).ToMaybe().ToString()
}
fmt.Println(tempString) // tempString would be "11234"
s = s.Distinct()
tempString = ""
for _, v := range s.ToArray() {
  tempString += Maybe.Just(v).ToMaybe().ToString()
}
fmt.Println(tempString) // tempString would be "1234"

Example(Non-Generics/interface{}):

var s *StreamForInterfaceDef
var tempString string

s = StreamForInterface.FromArrayInt([]int{}).Append(1, 1).Extend(StreamForInterface.FromArrayInt([]int{2, 3, 4})).Extend(StreamForInterface.FromArray([]interface{}{nil})).Extend(nil)
tempString = ""
for _, v := range s.ToArray() {
  tempString += Maybe.Just(v).ToMaybe().ToString()
}
fmt.Println(tempString) // tempString would be "11234<nil>"
s = s.Distinct()
tempString = ""
for _, v := range s.ToArray() {
  tempString += Maybe.Just(v).ToMaybe().ToString()
}
fmt.Println(tempString) // tempString would be "1234<nil>"
s = s.FilterNotNil()
tempString = ""
for _, v := range s.ToArray() {
  tempString += Maybe.Just(v).ToMaybe().ToString()
}
fmt.Println(tempString) // tempString would be "1234"

Queue(LinkedListQueue/ChannelQueue/BufferedChannelQueue/ConcurrentQueue) (inspired by Collection libs)

LinkedListQueue(Shift/Unshift/Push/Pop), ConcurrentQueue(inspired by Java)

Example:

var queue Queue[int]
var stack Stack[int]
var err error
var result int

linkedListQueue := NewLinkedListQueue[int]()
queue = linkedListQueue
stack = linkedListQueue
concurrentQueue := NewConcurrentQueue[int](queue)

// As a Queue, Put(val) in the TAIL and Take() in the HEAD
err = queue.Offer(1)
err = queue.Offer(2)
err = queue.Offer(3)
result, err = queue.Poll() // Result should be 1
result, err = queue.Poll() // Result should be 2
result, err = queue.Poll() // Result should be 3
result, err = queue.Poll() // Err: ErrQueueIsEmpty

// As a Stack, Push(val) & Pop() in the TAIL.
err = stack.Push(1)
err = stack.Push(2)
err = stack.Push(3)
result, err = stack.Pop() // Result should be 3
result, err = stack.Pop() // Result should be 2
result, err = stack.Pop() // Result should be 1
result, err = stack.Pop() // Err: ErrStackIsEmpty

BufferedChannelQueue(Offer/Take/TakeWithTimeout)

Example:

var err error
var result int
var timeout time.Duration

bufferedChannelQueue := NewBufferedChannelQueue[int](3, 10000, 100).
  SetLoadFromPoolDuration(time.Millisecond / 10).
  SetFreeNodeHookPoolIntervalDuration(1 * time.Millisecond)

err = queue.Offer(1)
err = queue.Offer(2)
err = queue.Offer(3)
timeout = 1 * time.Millisecond
result, err = bufferedChannelQueue.TakeWithTimeout(timeout) // Result should be 1
result, err = bufferedChannelQueue.TakeWithTimeout(timeout) // Result should be 2
result, err = bufferedChannelQueue.TakeWithTimeout(timeout) // Result should be 3

Actor (inspired by Akka/Erlang)

Actor common(send/receive/spawn/states)

Example:

actual := 0
// Channel for results
resultChannel := make(chan interface{}, 1)
// Message CMDs
cmdSpawn := "spawn"
cmdShutdown := "shutdown"
// Testee
actorRoot := Actor.New(func(self *ActorDef[interface{}], input interface{}) {
  // SPAWN: for ROOT
  if input == cmdSpawn {
    self.Spawn(func(self *ActorDef[interface{}], input interface{}) {
      // SHUTDOWN: for Children
      if input == cmdShutdown {
        self.Close()
        return
      }

      // INT cases: Children
      val, _ := Maybe.Just(input).ToInt()
      resultChannel <- val * 10
    })
    return
  }
  // SHUTDOWN: for ROOT
  if input == cmdShutdown {
    for _, child := range self.children {
      child.Send(cmdShutdown)
    }
    self.Close()

    close(resultChannel)
    return
  }

  // INT cases: ROOT
  intVal, _ := Maybe.Just(input).ToInt()
  if intVal > 0 {
    for _, child := range self.children {
      child.Send(intVal)
    }
  }
})

// Sequential Send messages(async)
go func() {
  actorRoot.Send(cmdSpawn)
  actorRoot.Send(10)
  actorRoot.Send(cmdSpawn)
  actorRoot.Send(20)
  actorRoot.Send(cmdSpawn)
  actorRoot.Send(30)
}()

i := 0
for val := range resultChannel {
  intVal, _ := Maybe.Just(val).ToInt()
  actual += intVal

  i++
  if i == 5 {
    go actorRoot.Send(cmdShutdown)
  }
}

// Result would be 1400 (=10*10+20*10+20*10+30*10+30*10+30*10)
fmt.Println(actual)

Actor Ask (inspired by Akka/Erlang)

actorRoot := Actor.New(func(self *ActorDef[interface{}], input interface{}) {
    // Ask cases: ROOT
    switch val := input.(type) {
    case *AskDef[interface{}, int]:
        intVal, _ := Maybe.Just(val.Message).ToInt()

        // NOTE If negative, hanging for testing Ask.timeout
        if intVal < 0 {
            break
        }

        val.Reply(intVal * 10)
        break
    }
})

// var timer *time.Timer
var timeout time.Duration
timeout = 10 * time.Millisecond

// Normal cases
// Result would be 10
actual = AskNewGenerics[interface{}, int](1).AskOnce(actorRoot)
// Ask with Timeout
// Result would be 20
actual, _ = AskNewGenerics[interface{}, int](2).AskOnceWithTimeout(actorRoot, timeout)
// Ask channel
// Result would be 30
ch := AskNewGenerics[interface{}, int](3).AskChannel(actorRoot)
actual = <- ch
close(ch)

// Timeout cases
// Result would be 0 (zero value, timeout)
actual, err = AskNewGenerics[interface{}, int](-1).AskOnceWithTimeout(actorRoot, timeout)

Compose

Example:

var fn01 = func(args ...int) []int {
  val := args[0]
  return SliceOf(val + 1)
}
var fn02 = func(args ...int) []int {
  val := args[0]
  return SliceOf(val + 2)
}
var fn03 = func(args ...int) []int {
  val := args[0]
  return SliceOf(val + 3)
}

// Result would be 6
result := Compose(fn01, fn02, fn03)((0))[0]
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