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论文wac - WebAssembly in C
A Minimal WebAssembly interpreter written in C. Supports the WebAssembly MVP (minimum viable product) version of the WebAssembly specification.
There are three different builds of wac:
- wac: (WebAssembly in C) Minimal client with an interactive REPL
mode. Designed to run standalone wasm files compiled with
wat2wasmorwasm-as. Passes most spec tests apart from some multi-module import/export tests. - wax: (WebAssembly in C with WASI) Client with WebAssembly System Interface APIs (WASI).
- wace: (WebAssembly in C with Emscripten) Client with host
library/memory integration. Designed to run wasm code that has been
built with Emscripten (using
-s SIDE_MODULE=1 -s LEGALIZE_JS_FFI=0).
Prerequisites
To build wac/wax/wace you need a 32-bit version of gcc and 32-bit versions of SDL2 and libedit. On 64-bit Ubuntu/Debian these can be installed like this:
dpkg --add-architecture i386
apt-get update
apt-get install lib32gcc-4.9-dev libSDL2-dev:i386 libedit-dev:i386
To compile wat source files to binary wasm modules you will need the
wasm-as program from Binaryen.
To compile C programs to wasm modules you will need Binaryen and
emscripten.
As an alternative to downloading and building the above tools, the
kanaka/wac docker image (1.7GB) has 32-bit gcc compiler/libraries,
emscripten, and binaryen preinstalled. The docker image can be started
with appropriate file mounts like this:
docker run -v `pwd`:/wac -w /wac -it kanaka/wac bash
All the build commands below can be run within the docker container.
wac usage
Build wac:
$ make wac
Use wasm-as to compile a simple wat program to a wasm:
$ make examples_wat/arith.wasm
Now load the compiled wasm file and invoke some functions:
$ ./wac examples_wat/arith.wasm add 2 3
0x5:i32
$ ./wac examples_wat/arith.wasm mul 7 8
0x38:i32
wac also supports a very simple REPL (read-eval-print-loop) mode that
runs commands in the form of FUNC ARG...:
$ ./wac --repl examples_wat/arith.wasm
> sub 10 5
0x5:i32
> div 13 4
0x3:i32
wax usage
Build wax:
$ make wax
Use wasm-as to compile a wat program that uses the WASI interface:
$ make examples_wat/echo.wasm
Now run the compiled wasm file. The program reads text from stdin and echos it to stdout until an EOF (Ctrl-D) is sent.
$ ./wax examples_wat/echo.wasm
> foo
foo
> bar
bar
> <Ctrl-D>
wace usage
Build wace:
$ make wace
Use emscripten/binaryen to compile some simple C programs and run them using wace:
$ make examples_c/hello1.wasm
$ ./wace examples_c/hello1.wasm
hello world
$ make examples_c/hello2.wasm
$ ./wace examples_c/hello2.wasm
hello malloc people
Use emscripten/binaryen to compile some C SDL programs and run them using wace:
$ make examples_c/hello_sdl.wasm
$ ./wace examples_c/hello_sdl.wasm
INFO: OpenGL shaders: ENABLED
INFO: Created renderer: opengl
# Blue Window displayed for 2 seconds
Done.
$ make examples_c/triangle.wasm
$ ./wace examples_c/triangle.wasm
# A colorfully shaded triangle is rendered
Running WebAssembly spec tests
wac includes a runtest.py test driver which can be used for running
tests from the WebAssembly specification.
Check out the spec:
git clone https://github.com/WebAssembly/spec
You will need wat2wasm to compile the spec tests. Check-out and
build wabt (wabbit):
git clone --recursive https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt
make -C wabt gcc-release
Run the func.wast test file (to test function calls) from the spec:
./runtest.py --wat2wasm ./wabt/out/gcc/Release/wat2wasm --interpreter ./wac spec/test/core/func.wast
Run all the spec tests apart from a few that currently fail (mostly due to
runtest.py missing support for some syntax used in those test files):
BROKE_TESTS="comments exports imports linking names data elem inline-module"
for t in $(ls spec/test/core/*.wast | grep -Fv "${BROKE_TESTS// /$'\n'}"); do
echo -e "\nTESTING ${t}"
./runtest.py ${t} || break
done
Standalone Builds using Fooboot
wac and wace can be built to run as standalone bootable programs using fooboot:
cd wac
git clone https://github.com/kanaka/fooboot
make PLATFORM=fooboot clean
make PLATFORM=fooboot wac wace examples_wat/addTwo.wasm
The fooboot/runfoo script can be used to boot wac/wace with QEMU.
fooboot/runfoo also creates a connection on a serial port (COM2)
that allows files to be read from the host system:
fooboot/runfoo wac --repl examples_wat/addTwo.wasm
QEMU waiting for connection on: disconnected:tcp:localhost:21118,server
webassembly> addTwo 2 3
0x5:i32
The standalone wac/wace builds can also be built into an ISO image that can boot directly on real hardware. You will need Grub 2 and the Grub PC/BIOS binary files (grub-pc-bin) and the xorriso program to be able to do this. Also, the wasm modules that you wish to run must be built into the binary to become part of a simple in-memory file-system:
echo "examples_wat/addTwo.wasm" > mem_fs_files
make PLATFORM=fooboot \
FOO_TARGETS="wac" \
FOO_CMDLINE="examples_wat/addTwo.wasm addTwo 3 4" \
boot.iso
You can now boot the ISO with QEMU like this:
qemu-system-i386 -cdrom boot.iso
Or you can burn the ISO to a USB device and boot from it on real hardware. This will destroy any data on the USB device! Also, make completely sure that /dev/MY_USB_DEVICE is really the USB device you want to overwrite and not your hard drive. You have been warned!
sudo dd if=boot.iso of=/dev/MY_USB_DEVICE && sync
# Now boot you can boot from the USB device
License
MPL-2.0 (see LICENSE).
